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GBullet
01-27-2005, 02:39 AM
I'd like to briefly touch on this and hopefully everyone will add on to the thread.

Sniping was practiced by pirates and some navies during sea battles of the 1600's. They tried to pick off the enemy's captain and helmsman. It was practiced by both sides during the American Revolution and the War of 1812, but far more by the Americans.

During the Napoleonic Wars, "riflemen" were snipers, although we would call them Designated Marksmen today. Does anyone remember Rifleman Dodd? Anyone, anyone? :)

Of all the world's conflicts, the American Civil War gave greater rise to sniping than the rest. Both the North and the South employed sniping as a battlefield tool, but in very different ways.

Union snipers had to pass a demanding marksmanship standard. The North quickly shifted their sniping focus to that of companies of Designated Marksmen. Recall that Union snipers were issued repeating rifles in the later half of the war. Union snipers were deployed as an elite force to, in the words of a Union officer, heat up stagnant fronts.

The South lacked the large scale organization of snipers that the Union developed. Southern snipers were usually picked by their commanding officer when they displayed superior marksmanship to other soldiers. Southern snipers were often deployed in one's and two's. When Southern snipers operated in pairs, one of the two was frequently an officer who served as the spotter, commanding the sniper to engage a specific target. Trivia tidbit: There was a black Southern sniper assigned to a Georgia regiment.

Southern snipers favored the Whitworth sniper rifle with its 8x Davidson riflescope. Despite their small numbers, Southern snipers were extremely effective. There were only 42 scoped Whitworth rifle equipped Southern snipers until mid-1863, yet their legend lives on today. More Whitworth sniper rifles were lost in a single captured blockade runner than were issued by the South.

Until recent times, the longest known hits were obtained during the Civil War. Northern snipers achieved almost all of their success during battles. Southern snipers made some of their best known successes off the battlefield by shooting Union officers in camps.

An interesting aspect of a few Southern snipers is their unusual equipment When preparing to snipe an unsuspecting officer, they were known to have sawn the legs short on small tables and carried them on their backs. The sniper would choose a suitable location from which to shoot. He would then set up the table and build a rest of sandbags. When finished, the sniper was able to shoot in benchrest fashion.

An interesting bond developed between snipers of both sides. Union snipers were known to have protected captured Southern snipers from being executed by regular Northern troops.

DaRkWoLf
01-27-2005, 12:07 PM
Very interesting. Nice thread G bullet.

I would like to inquire about the source(s) of this information, however.

brass hammer
01-27-2005, 09:00 PM
cool thread, i've never heard of rifleman dodd.

what were the 'confirmed' long ranges of "civil-war" [i've always had a problem
with that phrase, long before guns/roses sang about it]

snipers?

thanks.

GBullet
01-28-2005, 12:45 PM
brass,

Check out: http://www.snipercountry.com/SnipHistory.asp

There are numerous verifiable examples of shots being made during the Civil War at ranges of 600-800 yards.

There are claims of shots being made at 1200-2500 yards. Most of these are simply incorrect. There were a few shots made at 1200+ yards, but I believe that these were just lucky hits that could not be repeated. Also, some of the hits occured when as many as 12 snipers were shooting at the same target.

GBullet
01-28-2005, 12:47 PM
brass,

"Rifleman Dodd" was a ficticious story by C. S. Forrester based on a real British rifleman. While the story may be fiction, it was written using facts as the basis.

GBullet
01-28-2005, 04:27 PM
DaRkWoLf,

In the mid-1990's, I was performing some research that required me to study large caliber, long range sniping. Prior to a handfull of incidents in the Korean War, the majority of sniping with rifles larger than .40 was in the Civil War. Fifty caliber sniping rifles did not come into common use until the Gulf War in 1990-1991.

IIRC, John Plaster mentioned the use of the cut down tables. I can list some excellent books, if you would like.

Adrian Gilbert has written about sniper ambushes during the Civil War.

As for the use of repeaters by Federal snipers, notice the issue of 5-shot Colt repeating carbines, and the later issue of Spencer rifles. Although the Federal snipers intended to find suitable long range rifles, Berdan became so frustrated that he offered $60 to any sharpshooter who could provide his own.

The Confederacy also lacked enough long range rifles. During 1862, there were only 13 scoped Whitworths issued to Lee's army.

DaRkWoLf
01-28-2005, 05:07 PM
Very fascinating.

Can you post the books, I'll pick one or two up sometime for a good read :)

Garand
01-29-2005, 03:33 PM
When I was a teenage, my father and myself used to go camping down in PA. & Virginia at the Civil War battlefield, fascinating places. The museums in Gettysburg have a very nice collection of civil war sniper rifles.

RIKA
01-29-2005, 05:51 PM
I would like to visit the Civil War battlefields. Perhaps one day. Excellent post.

RIKA

Kent
01-29-2005, 07:32 PM
I would like to visit the Civil War battlefields. Perhaps one day. Excellent post.

RIKA

FYI, You'd be surprised just how many states had battles fought there. Chances are, you had one (although maybe a "minor" battle) fought near you.

Garand
01-29-2005, 07:49 PM
Actually a major one, in the East. When we stopped the American invasion in 1865! The Feinian Raids were the 3rd and last time you unsuccessfully invaded us.

Kent
01-29-2005, 07:56 PM
Now thats interesting, Garand!

I never heard of this. Never. We're these "official" US govt raids/invasion, or militia raids?

RIKA
01-29-2005, 08:14 PM
Thanks Kent. I'll check it out.

RIKA

Kent
01-29-2005, 09:44 PM
You're welcome, Rika :)

Garand, just keep our beloved leader happy, and maybe, just maybe we wont invade you again. ;)

All thise WMD's right on our border are threatening us. Rumsfeld knows exactly where they are.

...saying this with deep, deep, very deep sarcasm

brass hammer
01-30-2005, 02:21 PM
thanks,G-BULLET for the thread.
i added the sinper link to my favorites!

GBullet
01-30-2005, 08:04 PM
Can you post the books, I'll pick one or two up sometime for a good read :)

I'm expecting some books that I orderd to arrive in late February. They are specifically about Civil War sniping. One is titled, "Confederate Whitworth Sharpshooters". I'll "review" them and post it.

Most of the books that discuss Civil War sniping only contain brief mentions of sniping. Even the memoirs of CW snipers speak little of it. They mostly detail time spent as a POW and subsequent escape.

These are a few of my favorite CW books:

Joseph Bilby's "Civil War Firearms" discusses actually shooting these guns and their replicas.

John Plaster's "Ultimate Sniper" has two or three mentions of CW sniping.

I enjoy reading anything by Paddy Griffith. I don't always agree with him, but he presents his case so well that I look forward to his writings. His book, "Battle Tactics of the Civil War", is a splendid look at tactics, formations, rifles v. muskets, etc. It's a great travel book. Keep your eyes peeled for PG's articles in CW magazines!

Adrian Gilbert wrote two books called, "Sniper" and "Stalk and Kill", that have chapters on CW sniping. These books are often overlooked by folks, but Gilbert does a good job of documenting his sources.

Albaugh's and Simmons', "Confederate Arms", is interesting and informative. So is Coggins', "Arms and Equipment of the Civil War".

Ned Robert's book, "The Muzzleloading Cap Lock Rifle", is filled with the accuracy and accurate shooting secrets of the CW period.

For reading about the daily life of Confederate soldiers, perhaps no book is better than Bell Irvin Wiley's, "Johnny Reb". It's a classic.

Dr. Louis LaGarde (of Thompson-LaGarde fame) wrote about wound ballistics in "Gunshot Injuries". He covers the difference between musket ball and Minie' ball wounds, mostly on pages 34-41 in my edition.

An excellent online resource is CivilWarguns.com.

I converse by email with CW historians and authors as part of a group and enjoy that, too.

DaRkWoLf
01-30-2005, 10:34 PM
Very nice GBullet, thank you.