.45 long colt, yes; .45acp, don't see how, as it's rimless.
Don't know if it would feed properly in a pump, and it probably wouldn't cycle in an auto, but I've fired a bunch of .45LC in my kid's .410 break-open single-shot. (So has he.) Not rifled, and so not overly accurate, but it's like a somewhat light-loaded musket basically. I'd trust it on a deer out to 50 yards or so, if I had to.
Also remember the 'choke' issue. Running a jacketed pistol bullet through a full-choke gun could well result in very bad things. My son's gun is choked, (forget which choke exactly, right now), but the only .45LC loads we run through it are light "cowboy" loads, with non-jacketed soft-lead bullets. A non-choked or variable-choked shotgun would offer more load options.
That said, I wouldn't recommend either one, the .410 or the .45LC as a planned shtf caliber, unless it's just what you've got now, or there are some other factors that have to be considered. The .410 is a somewhat uncommon caliber, it's a very (trust me) expensive caliber when compared to other gauges of shotguns, and it's pretty limited in what it can do. The .45LC has all these disadvantages as well.