is just barely enough to reliably take a goose or jackrabbit. The only thing that makes such a pathetically small amount of projectile somewhat effective on a man is that the 2000+ fps impact creates enough of a temporary gas cavity to make it capable of tearing the fragile chest organs (weakened by the wound tracks made by the shot pellets. It's a very marginal thing, and if the factory slacks off on the velocity even a little bit, even the .45 Super and 357 Sig loads don't amount to much.